S100

S100 is a low molecular weight calcium binding protein family composed of various S100A and S100B proteins, widely existing in nervous system, immune system, and mesenchyme, which participates in various life activities such as cell morphology maintenance, cell cycle regulation, and intercellular communication. Clinical research has found that S100 is expressed in various nervous system tumors with good diagnostic value, including schwannoma, neurofibroma, granulosa cell tumor, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, etc. Meanwhile, the increased expression of S100 is considered as an important standard for distinguishing malignant melanoma (MM). It is often used in combination with MM biomarkers such as HMB-45 and Melan-A. In addition, there are different S100 protein family members in different tumors such as liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. The relationship between S100 and patient prognosis has become a research highlight.