PSMA

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that mainly exists at low level in prostate epithelial cells. PSMA has folate hydrolase and NAALAD enzyme activity, which can catalyze the production of folate to promote cell growth and proliferation through various signaling pathways. In clinical practice, PSMA is mainly used in the research and diagnosis of prostate cancer, and it becomes an assisting differential biomarker due to its high expression in prostate cancer but low expression in benign lesions such as prostatitis and prostatic hyperplasia. Meanwhile, some research has shown that PSMA may be involved in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer, and its expression level is positively correlated with the pathological grading, which indicates that PSMA has important reference significance for the prognosis evaluation of patients. In addition, PSMA is expressed in new blood vessels of various solid tumors such as liver cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, and colorectal cancer, which is considered as an indicator of poor prognosis.