ERG

ERG is a member of the ETS transcription factor family, mainly present in various endothelial cells, involved in apoptosis regulation and angiogenesis. In clinical practice, ERG can be used for the diagnosis of vascular tumors such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, hemangioma, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Moreover, the detection of tumor microvascular density (MVD) based on ERG staining has reference significance for tumor malignancy assessment, and its high positive rate indicates active angiogenesis. In addition, some research suggested that the high expression of ERG caused by the gene fusion of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and ERG can occur in about 50% of prostate cancers, and it doesn’t occur in prostatic hyperplasia, which helps to distinguish benign and malignant prostate lesions. And the mainstream belief is that its abnormal activation can inhibit normal cell differentiation and stimulate tumor cell invasion, leading to poor prognosis for patients. Meanwhile, some Ewing's sarcomas contain EWSR1-ERG and FUS-ERG fusion genes, and the ERG induced by it participates in tumor proliferation.