CD31

CD31, also known as platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mainly exists on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. It has various functions such as regulating immune cell migration, maintaining vessel integrity, and participating in angiogenesis. In clinical practice, CD31 is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of vascular tumors, with high specificity and sensitivity. It is expressed in lobular capillary hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Moreover, the detection of tumor microvascular density (MVD) based on CD31 staining has guiding significance for tumor malignancy assessment, which is because the excessive production of CD31 will promote tumor angiogenesis and mediate the adhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells to ensure the nutrition supply and invasiveness. Therefore, CD31 has become an effective prognostic indicator for patients with lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and other malignant diseases.