CA-125

Carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) is a large transmembrane glycoprotein that lowly exists in epithelial cells of the pleural cavity and uterine cavity. In clinical practice, CA-125 is an important diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer, and its positivity rate in malignant tumors is significantly higher than that in benign and borderline tumors. Among them, CA-125 is highly expressed in ovarian serous carcinoma but lowly expressed in mucinous carcinoma, which makes it become a differential indicator. Moreover, some patients with poor differentiation or lymph node metastasis have stronger CA-125 staining results, indicating that CA-125 is associated with the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer, which may be because it can interact with immune cells to mediate tumor immune escape. Meanwhile, some scholars pointed out that the pathological staging of endometrial cancer is negatively correlated with BRCA-1 expression but positively correlated with CA-125, suggesting that the weakened tumor inhibition effect of BRCA-1 may induce CA-125 production. In addition, CA-125 is expressed in lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and other tumors.