Glucagon

Glucagon is a peptide hormone composed of 29 amino acids synthesized and secreted by pancreatic α cells. It can promote glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and also stimulate steatolysis and ketogenesis during fasting period. In clinical practice, Glucagon is mainly used in the diagnosis of glucagonoma, which is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm of the digestive tract. Some research suggested that the malignant transformation of pancreatic α cells and the abnormal secretion of Glucagon are its pathological foundation. Therefore, the positive expression of Glucagon and the clinical characterization of necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) are the main diagnosis evidence for glucagonoma. In addition, Glucagon in colorectal cancer may stimulate cancer cell proliferation and promote tumor angiogenesis, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Conversely, some scholars found that Glucagon can inhibit the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and suppress the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), thereby hindering signaling pathways and causing damage to tumor blood vessels.