Histone H3.3 G34W

H3.3G34W is a mutant form of histone H3.3, in which glycine at position 34 is replaced by tryptophan. H3.3 is a variant of histone H3 that plays an important role in gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, and cell development, and its gene mutation is considered as a crucial driving factor of various malignant tumors. Among them, about 90% of giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are found to contain H3.3G34W, which makes it become a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic indicator for GCTB, and it is negative in other bone tumors rich in giant cells, making it useful for differentiation. Moreover, some research found that H3.3G34W in cancer cells may trigger random chromosomal rearrangement by reducing DNA methylation level, induce osteolytic phenotype by up-regulating RANKL production, and promote tumor malignant development by causing telomere dysfunction. In summary, H3.3G34W is associated with the high invasiveness of GCTB, which has reference significance for the prognosis of patients.