PAX-2

PAX-2 is a member of the paired box family, which is one of the core factors regulating the development of the urinary system, female reproductive system, and central nervous system during embryonic development. In clinical practice, PAX-2 is mainly used in the research of kidney derived tumors. For example, PAX-2 is abnormally overexpressed in both primary and metastatic renal carcinoma, making it become an important marker for distinguishing between liver metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma (+) and primary clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma (-). Meanwhile, PAX-2 can assist in distinguishing chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), as its expression level in CRCC is significantly lower than other types of renal cell carcinoma. In addition, oncological research found that PAX-2 is expressed in various diseases such as esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. However, some scholars suggested that it may have tumor suppressive effect in breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other diseases, so the mechanism of PAX-2 in tumor tissues needs further research.